Articulations
Synarthrosis, or immoveable
Amphiarthrosis, or mixed
Diarthrosis, or moveable
Kinds of movement
Articulations of the trunk
The vertebral column
The atlas with the axis
The atlas with the occiptal bone
The axis with the occiptal bone
Tempoko-maxillart articulation
The ribs with the vertebras
The cartilages of the ribs with the sternum
Ligaments of the sternum
The pelvis with the spine
The pelvis
Articulations of the upper extremity
Sterno-clavicular articulation
Scapulo-clavicular articulation
Proper ligaments of the scapula
Shoulder joint
Elbow joint
Radio-ulnar articulations
Whist joint
Articulations of the carpus
Capro metacapral articulations
Metacarpo-phalangeal articulations
Articulations of the phalanges
Articulations of the lower extremity
Hip joint
The knee joint
Articulations between the tibia and fibula
Ankle joint
Articulations of the tarsus
Tarso-metatarsal articulations
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The articulations between the tibia and fibula are effected by ligaments which connect both extremities, as well as the centre of these bones. They may, consequently, be subdivided into three sets:
1. The Superior Tibio-Fibular articulation. 2. The Middle Tibio-Fibular articulation. 3. The Inferior Tibio-Fibular articulation. This articulation is an arthrodial joint. The contiguous surfaces of the bones present two flat oval surfaces covered with cartilage, and connected together by the following ligaments. Anterior Superior Tibio-Fibular. Posterior Superior Tibio-Fibular. Synovial Membrane. The Anterior Superior Ligament (fig. 124) consists of two or three broad and flat bands, which pass obliquely upwards and inwards, from the head of the fibula to the outer tuberosity of the tibia. The Posterior Superior Ligament is a single thick and broad band, which passes from the back part of the head of the fibula to the back part of the outer tuberosity of the tibia. It is covered in by the tendon of the Popliteus muscle. There is a distinct Synovial Membrane in this articulation. Occasionally the synovial membrane of the knee-joint is continuous with it at its upper and back part. The interval between the tibia and fibula is filled up by an interosseous membrane, which extends between the contiguous margins of the two bones. It consists of a thin aponeurotic lamina composed of oblique fibres, which pass between the interosseous ridges on the tibia and fibula. It is broader above than below, and presents at its upper part a large oval aperture for the passage of the anterior tibial artery forwards to the anterior aspect of the leg; and at its lower third, another opening, for the passage of the anterior peroneal vessels. It is continuous below with the inferior interosseous ligament; and is perforated in numerous parts for the passage of small vessels. By its anterior surface it is in relation with the Tibialis anticus, Extensor longus digitorum, Extensor proprius pollicis, Peroneus tertius, and the anterior tibial vessels and nerve; behind, with the Tibialis posticus and Flexor longus pollicis muscles. This articulation, continuous with that of the ankle-joint, is formed by the convex surface at the lower end of the inner side of the fibula, being received into a concave surface on the outer side of the tibia. These surfaces, below, to the extent of about two lines, are smooth and covered with cartilage, which is continuous with that of the ankle-joint. Its ligaments are- - Inferior Interosseous; - Anterior Inferior Tibio-fibular; - Posterior Inferior Tibio-fibular; - Transverse. The Inferior Interosseous Ligament consists of numerous short, strong fibrous bands, which pass between the contiguous rough surfaces of the tibia and fibula, constituting the chief bond of union between these bones. It is continuous, above, with the interosseous membrane. The Anterior Inferior Ligament (fig. 127) is a flat triangular band of fibres, broader below than above, which extends obliquely downwards and outwards between the adjacent margins of the tibia and fibula on the front aspect of the articulation. It is in relation, in front, with the Peroneus tertius, the aponeurosis of the leg, and the integument; behind, with the inferior interosseous ligament, and lies in contact with the cartilage covering the astragalus. The Posterior Inferior Ligament, smaller than the preceding, is disposed in a similar manner on the posterior surface of the articulation. The Transverse Ligament is a long narrow band of ligamentous fibres, continuous with the preceding, passing transversely across the back of the joint, from the external malleolus to the tibia, a short distance from its malleolar process. The three preceding ligaments project somewhat below the margins of the bones, and form part of the articulating surface for the ankle-joint. The Synovial Membrane lining the articular surfaces is derived from that of the ankle-joint. Actions. The movement permitted in these articulations is limited to a very slight gliding of the articular surfaces upon one another. |