Articulations
Synarthrosis, or immoveable
Amphiarthrosis, or mixed
Diarthrosis, or moveable
Kinds of movement
Articulations of the trunk
The vertebral column
The atlas with the axis
The atlas with the occiptal bone
The axis with the occiptal bone
Tempoko-maxillart articulation
The ribs with the vertebras
The cartilages of the ribs with the sternum
Ligaments of the sternum
The pelvis with the spine
The pelvis
Articulations of the upper extremity
Sterno-clavicular articulation
Scapulo-clavicular articulation
Proper ligaments of the scapula
Shoulder joint
Elbow joint
Radio-ulnar articulations
Whist joint
Articulations of the carpus
Capro metacapral articulations
Metacarpo-phalangeal articulations
Articulations of the phalanges
Articulations of the lower extremity
Hip joint
The knee joint
Articulations between the tibia and fibula
Ankle joint
Articulations of the tarsus
Tarso-metatarsal articulations
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Include all those articulations in which the surfaces of the bones are in almost direct contact, not separated by an intervening synovial cavity, and immoveably connected with each other, as between the bones of the cranium and face, excepting the lower jaw. The varieties of Synarthrosis are three in number:
- Sutura; - Schindylesis; - Gomphosis. Sutura (a seam). Where the articulating surfaces are connected by a series of processes and indentations interlocked together, it is termed sutura vera; of which there are three varieties: sutura dentata, serrata, and limbosa. The surfaces of the bones are not in direct contact, being separated by a layer of membrane continuous externally with the pericranium, internally with the dura mater. The sutura dentata (dens, a tooth) is so called from the tooth-like form of the projecting articular processes, as in the suture between the parietal bones. In the sutura serrata (serra, a saw), the edges of the two bones forming the articulation are serrated like the teeth of a fine saw, aa between the two portions of the frontal bone. In the sutura limbosa (limbus, a selvage), besides the den-tated processes, there is a certain degree of bevelling of the articular surfaces, sc that the bones overlap one another, as in the suture between the parietal and occipital bones. Where the articulation is formed by roughened surfaces placed in apposition with one another, it is termed the false suture, sutura notha, of which there are two kinds: the sutura squamosa (squama, a scale), formed by the overlapping of two contiguous bones by broad bevelled margins, as in the temporo-parietal suture; and the sutura harmonia (apelv, to' adapt), where there is simple apposition of two contiguous rough bony surfaces, as in the articulation between the two superior maxillary bones, or of the palate processes of the palate bones with each other. The sutures present a great tendency to obliteration as age advances, the intervening fibrous-tissue becoming ossified. The frontal suture seldom exists after puberty; and it rarely happens that all the others are distinct in a skull beyond the age of fifty. Schindylesis is that form of articulation in which a thin plate of bone is received into a cleft or fissure formed by the separation of two laminae of another, as in the articulation of the rostrum of the sphenoid, and descending plate of the ethmoid with the vomer, or in the reception of the latter in the fissure between the superior maxillary and palate bones. Gomphosis is an articulation formed by the insertion of a conical process into a socket, as a nail is driven into a board; and is illustrated in the articulation of the teeth in the alveoli of the maxillary bones. |